| [?????????-VI(??)] ??? ????”????”????????? ??? ???(Antarctica)????????????????????????????????????????????1400???????????????????????????98%??????????2??????????????????-63????????-89.2?, ????????????????90????70%???????????????????????60??
????? ?????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????29?????????70???????1985?????????????4???????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????, ????????????? ??????(Neoproterozoic, 5.5??)???????????(Gondwana, ??????)????????????????????????????????. ?????????(?2???)?, ???????????????????????????????(Late Paleogene), ?????????????????????????????????(Drake Passage). ??1991?Miller?????????????????????????????(Early Oligocene, ?3,390 - 3,500???(K. Miller??Unlocking the Ice House: Oligocene-Miocene oxygen isotopes, eustasy and margin erosion?1991, JGR vol. 96, no. B4). ???????????(Antarctic Circumpolar Circulation, ?????”ACC”)?????. ??1,800????????(Early Miocene)??????????????????????? ???3,390???????????????. ???????????????????. ?????????????/???????(Late Eocene-Early Oligocene Extinction), ??“Grande Coupure”, ??“???”). ??????????????????????????????(Ungulates)?????(Condylarthra), ?????(Perissodactyla)? ???(Artiodactyla)?????(Primates)???????. ????????????????????????????(Bolide)??????(Siberia)?????????(Chesapeake)?????, ????????????? ?????????????17,970??. ????(Waddell Sea)??????(Ross Sea)???????????, ????????????????????. ??????????(Transantarctic Mountains)???. ??????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????? ?????, ????(Amundsen Sea)???????????????????????120 ??, ???????192,000?????????????????, ???4??, ????(Grounding Line)???800?1,200 ???. ???????????? (WAIS) ?????WAIS????3,435,000????. ????????????????????????????????). ???????????????????????????1/3???, ???????????. ?????????????????????????????????????????? ??????2021???????????AGU21)????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????????????????(Crevasses). ?????“????????????????????????????????????????. ????????????????”. ?????????????????????????65??, ??????????????4%??. ??????????????????????. “?????”??????????????????????????????. ?????????(Pine Island)???????????(Dotson Glacier)????????????????3.048?, ???????????????????????????????????????, ???????. ????????????????????????????????????????: “????(Doomsday Glacier)”? ????????, ??????, ????????????? (Isostatic Rebound), ??????(Isostacy/Isostatic Equilibrium). ???????????????????????, ???????????????“??”. ???????????????????????2021??????????????????????. ???????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????2018????$5,000????????????????????ITGC????(International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration). ?ITGC????????8?????, ????????????????????, ??, ???????????????. ???????????(NASA)?????????????????????????? ???????Erin Pettit??????????????????????????????????TARSAN??(Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network). ?????????????????????????????????????????????? 2021??Pettit???????????(AGU21)?????????????????????. Pettit?????????????????????? 1. ?????????. ???, ????2004???????????(Seamount)?????????(??)????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????????. ???????????????????????????????????????? 2. ????????????????????????????????? 3. ????????????? Pettit????????????????2030??????(?????)?
Erin Pettit????????????2021,AGU21????? ?????????(NASA)?2020??????????????????????????????????300?????40????????140????. 2020?1????????????????????????????????300??????????????????????????. ??????????????????500????. ????????????????????????4%??????????????????????????????????????????????? ????????????????????????????????????????. “????”??????????????2?????(Temperatures at a Florida-Size Glacier in Antarctica Alarm Scientists: The New York Times, 2020 vol. 1, no. 29)? ????????????70???????????????1992?2017??????????0.6?0.8???????. ????90????????????100???. 2021?4????Gothenburg???Anna Wahlin??AUV?????????????????????????(“Science Advances, 2021, vol. 7, no. 15”. ???). ??Wahlin???, ???????0.8??(Inflow 0.8TW)????????????????????3??(T3)???????????85??(850??). “?????”???????????????500??. ??Rob Larter 2022?1?26???????????????????????????????????
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